European inventory of
societal values of culture

SOCIALLY ENGAGED CULTURE

The realm of culture has always been connected to different social issues. However, since the French Revolution, it became clear that culture was a fundamental part of the social order, its reproduction, and its transformation. By refusing large aspects of aristocratic culture, the French revolutionaries continued the work of the Enlightenment, considering that art and cultural activities were key components of a change in society towards freedom and democracy.

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SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND CITIZEN INITIATIVES

The term ‘social movements’ describes the phenomenon of a network based on informal interactions between a plurality of individuals, groups, and/or organizations that share collective identities and engage in political or cultural conflicts. Sociologists have increasingly used the term since the 1960s in light of the rising collective actions and protests on a global scale. While labour and/or socialist movements predominated during the beginning of the 20th century, the post-World War II period saw the emergence of a plethora of different social movements, such as environmental, peace, women’s rights, and anti-racism movements. Social movements are only one form of collective action and are part of a larger ‘civil society’, which includes both social movements and individual citizens. At times, different notions of collective action overlap. Researchers in sociology and political science, among others, believe that social movements and citizens are an important link to democracy and democratisation processes. However, their influence on the democratisation process depends on the nation’s institutional context and the linkages between social movements, political parties, and the ruling elite.

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CULTURAL COMMONS

Cultural commons emerged as a topic within the cultural policy field during the wave of academic and activist writing related to the resurrection of the commons in the mid-2000s. It has been gaining prominence ever since, especially among institutional cultural actors.

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NEW ORGANISATIONAL AND FUNDING MODELS (COOPS, UNIONS, SOLIDARITY FUNDS)

Cultural production refers to the creation, dissemination, and preservation of various forms of cultural expression, including art, literature, music, film, theatre, and more. Traditionally, cultural production has been organised and funded through established models such as government support (mostly in Europe), private patronage (mainly in the US through donations), ticket sales, publishing deals, and grants. However, new organisational and funding models have emerged in recent years, driven by technological advancements, changing audience behaviours, and evolving cultural landscapes.

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» NEW! » SOCIAL COHESION

Social cohesion is a concept that describes the level of social integration and solidarity within a community or society. It refers to the degree to which individuals and groups are connected and work together to achieve common goals, despite differences in their backgrounds, beliefs, or values. The strength of social bonds, trust, and cooperation among people is a key component of social cohesion. In a society with high social cohesion, people are more likely to feel a sense of belonging, share similar values, and work together towards the well-being of the community as a whole. This can lead to greater social stability, resilience, and prosperity. On the other hand, low levels of social cohesion can result in social divisions, conflicts, and inequality.

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» NEW! » TRUST

Trust is an essential component for the functioning and well-being of society. Trust contributes to the stability of the social community and creates a sense of predictability and security among its members. Trust also plays a role in conflict resolution. In societies with high levels of trust, conflicts are often resolved more peacefully through negotiation and dialogue instead of resorting to violence or aggression. Trust is often related to a specific culture or social context. Some social systems or communities may have deeply rooted patterns of trust, while others may be inclined to be sceptical or distrustful of others.

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All

INVENT conference Barcelona

Arroyo, C. & S. Albertí (May 2023). INVENT conference Barcelona

» NEW! » Nicolas Lampert - Art & Nonviolent Social Movements

Nicolas Lampert – Art & Nonviolent Social Movements. 2023

Cvetičanin, Petrić & Koludrović - Towards a social turn in cultural policy: A policymaker’s guidebook

Cvetičanin, P.,  M. Petrić & I. Tomić Koludrović (2023). Towards a social turn in cultural policy: A policymaker’s guidebook. INVENT publication.

INVENT Newsletter II (2022)

Holla, S., Karels, A., & Janssen, S. (Eds.). (2022). INVENT Newsletter II.

INVENT Newsletter I (2021)

Janssen, S., (Ed.) (2021). INVENT Newsletter I.

INVENT Newsletter III (2023)

Karels, A., Janssen, S., & Holla, S. (Eds.). (2023). INVENT Newsletter III.

» NEW! » Cicchiello, Gallo, & Monferrà – Financing the cultural and creative industries through crowdfunding

Cicchiello, A.F., Gallo, S. & Monferrà, S. (2023). Financing the cultural and creative industries through crowdfunding: the role of national cultural dimensions and policies. Journal of Cultultural Economics 47, 133–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-022-09452-9

» NEW! » Printmaking for a Social Movement

Printmaking for a Social Movement. 2017

» NEW! » Ashton Attzs - The Intersection of Art, Social Movements, Corporations and the Next Generation

Ashton Attzs – The Intersection of Art, Social Movements, Corporations and the Next Generation. 2020

» NEW! » Council of Europe - Methodological guide on social cohesion policy

Council of Europe. (2005). Methodological guide on social cohesion policy. ISBN 92-871-5742-1

» NEW! » Jenson - Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion

Jane Jenson. (2010). Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion. Commonwealth Secretariat and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. ISBN: 978-1-84859-072-4

» NEW! » UNECE - Social Cohesion: Concept and Measurement

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. (2023). Social Cohesion: Concept and Measurement. United nations. ISBN 978-92-1-358503-0

» NEW! » Vollhardt, Migacheva & Tropp - Social Cohesion and Tolerance for Group Differences

Vollhardt, J.K., Migacheva, K., Tropp, L.R. (2009). Social Cohesion and Tolerance for Group Differences. In: de Rivera, J. (eds) Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, New York, NY

» NEW! » European Committee for Social Cohesion - A new strategy for Social Cohesion: Revised strategy for Social Cohesion

European Committee for Social Cohesion. (2004).  A new strategy for Social Cohesion: Revised strategy for Social Cohesion.

» NEW! » Sinapi & Juno-Delgado - Motivations for Establishing Cooperative Companies in the Performing Arts

Sinapi, C. and Juno-Delgado, E. (2015). Motivations for Establishing Cooperative Companies in the Performing Arts: A European Perspective. Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory & Labor-Managed Firms (Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory & Labor-Managed Firms, Vol. 16), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 63-107.

» NEW! » Juno-Delgado, McCulloch & Sinapi - Shared services and performing arts co-operatives

Juno-Delgado, E., McCulloch, M., & Sinapi, C. (2014). Shared services and performing arts co-operatives. In Research Handbook on Sustainable Co-operative Enterprise. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

» NEW! » Shneor, Zhao & Flåten - Advances in Crowdfunding

Shneor, R., Zhao, L. & Flåten, B-T.(2020). Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-3-030-46309-0 

» NEW! » Cicchiello, Gallo & Monferrà - Mapping crowdfunding in cultural and creative industries

Cicchiello, A.F., Gallo, S. & Monferrà, S. (2022) Mapping crowdfunding in cultural and creative industries: A conceptual and empirical overview. European Management Review, 19(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12510

» NEW! » Knell & Taylor - Arts Funding, Austerity and the Big Society

John Knell and Matthew Taylor (2011). Arts Funding, Austerity and the Big Society: Remaking the case for the arts? RSA.

» NEW! » Kate DeCiccio - Art as Activism

Kate DeCiccio. Art as Activism. 2017

» NEW! » Cultural sustainability in tourism: management model for heritage sites #MONDIACULT2022

 Cultural sustainability in tourism: management model for heritage sites #MONDIACULT2022 

» NEW! » Boyle & Oakley - Co-operatives in the Creative Industries

David Boyle and Kate Oakley. (2018). Co-operatives in the Creative Industries. Co-operatives UK.

» NEW! » Handke & Dalla Chiesa - The art of crowdfunding arts and innovation

Handke, C., Dalla Chiesa, C. (2022). The art of crowdfunding arts and innovation: the cultural economic perspective. Journal of Cultural Economics 46, 249–284 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-022-09444-9

» NEW! » Marchegiani - From Mecenatism to crowdfunding

Lucia Marchegiani (2018) From Mecenatism to crowdfunding: engagement and identification in cultural-creative projects, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13:2, 143-151, DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2017.1337777

» NEW! » Deb Verhoeven - Crowdfunding Strategy Discussion

Deb Verhoeven - Crowdfunding Strategy Discussion. 2022

» NEW! » Discussion on Crowdfunding

Discussion on Crowdfunding. 2020.

» NEW! » Art Basel's Crowdfunding Initiative: Focus Projects

Art Basel's Crowdfunding Initiative: Focus Projects. 2015

» NEW! » Demattos Guimarães & Maehle - Evolution, trends, and narratives of cultural crowdfunding

Alice Demattos Guimarães & Natalia Maehle (2023) Evolution, trends, and narratives of cultural crowdfunding: the case of Norway, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 29:7, 942-970, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2022.2152446

» NEW! » Sustainability Curricula for Cultural Heritage Conservation

Sustainability Curricula for Cultural Heritage Conservation. 2022

» NEW! » OECD webinar: Heritage, responsible cultural tourism, and sustainable development

OECD webinar: Heritage, responsible cultural tourism, and sustainable development. 2021

» NEW! » Be inspired to make the change - Socio-economic inclusion in the Creative Industries

Be inspired to make the change - Socio-economic inclusion in the Creative Industries. 2021

» NEW! » Making the Future Work

Making the Future Work - Session 3 - Sector Focus: UK Creative Industries. 2023

» NEW! » Kędzierska-Szczepaniak - Crowdfunding – innovative financing of cultural ventures by society

Angelika Kędzierska-Szczepaniak (2021) Crowdfunding – innovative financing of cultural ventures by society, Procedia Computer Science, 192: 4348-4357.

» NEW! » Virtual Workshop: Towards Better Sharing of Cultural Heritage

Virtual Workshop: Towards Better Sharing of Cultural Heritage. 2022

» NEW! » Loots, Piecyk & Wijngaarden - At the juncture of funding, policy, and technology

Ellen Loots, Kaja Piecyk & Yosha Wijngaarden (2024) At the juncture of funding, policy, and technology: how promising is match-funding of arts and culture through crowdfunding platforms?, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 30:1, 118-134, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2173746

» NEW! » van den Hoogen- Values in crowdfunding in the Netherlands

Quirijn Lennert van den Hoogen (2020) Values in crowdfunding in the Netherlands, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26:1, 109-127, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2018.1433666

» NEW! » Chou, Cheng & Martia - Fundraising policies in cultural and creative industries

Shu-Ching Chou, Yu-Hsiu Cheng & Dina Yeni Martia (2022) Fundraising policies in cultural and creative industries: public stock market and crowdfunding channels, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 28:6, 730-754, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2021.2011253

» NEW! » Jelilnčić & Šveb - Financial Sustainability of Cultural Heritage: A Review of Crowdfunding in Europe

Jelinčić, Daniela Angelina, and Marta Šveb. 2021. Financial Sustainability of Cultural Heritage: A Review of Crowdfunding in Europe" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 3: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14030101

» NEW! » Lazzaro & Noonan - A comparative analysis of US and EU regulatory frameworks of crowdfunding for the cultural and creative industries

Elisabetta Lazzaro & Douglas Noonan (2021) A comparative analysis of US and EU regulatory frameworks of crowdfunding for the cultural and creative industries, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 27:5, 590-606, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2020.1776270

» NEW! » Carolina Botero - Treating Knowledge, Culture and Science as Commons

Carolina Botero – Treating Knowledge, Culture and Science as Commons. 2013

» NEW! » Guy Standing - Plunder of the Commons

Guy Standing - Plunder of the Commons: a manifesto for sharing public wealth. 2019

» NEW! » Open Culture Voices

Open Culture Voices — Special Episode Parts 1 & 2.2023

» NEW! » Silke Helfrich - Economics and the Commons?! Towards a Commons Creating Peer Economy

Silke Helfrich - Economics and the Commons?! Towards a Commons Creating Peer Economy. 2013

» NEW! » Eizaguirre Anglada - Cultural commons as a key for bottom-linked policies

Eizaguirre Anglada, Santiago “Cultural commons as a key for bottom-linked policies. An exploration of the support for public and community partnerships in Barcelona”. on the w@terfront. Barcelona. Universitat de Barcelona vol. 64, nr. 12, p. 3-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/waterfront2021.63.12.01

» NEW! » Macrì, Morea & Trimarchi - Cultural Commons and Urban Dynamics

Emanuela Macrì, Valeria Morea, Michele Trimarchi (eds.) (2021). Cultural Commons and Urban Dynamics: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Springer.

» NEW! » Marttila & Botero - Infrastructuring for Cultural Commons

Marttila, S., Botero, A. Infrastructuring for Cultural Commons. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Article 26, 97–133 (2017).

» NEW! » Lekakis - Cultural heritage in the realm of the commons

Lekakis, S. (ed.), 2020. Cultural heritage in the realm of the commons: Conversations on the Case of Greece. London: Ubiquity

» NEW! » Dameri & Moggi - Emerging business models for the cultural commons

Renata Paola Dameri & Sara Moggi (2021) Emerging business models for the cultural commons. Empirical evidence from creative cultural firms, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 19:3, 341-354, DOI: 10.1080/14778238.2019.1664945

» NEW! » Borchi - Culture as commons

Alice Borchi (2018) Culture as commons: theoretical challenges and empirical evidence from occupied cultural spaces in Italy, Cultural Trends, 27:1, 33-45, DOI: 10.1080/09548963.2018.1415410

» NEW! » Pascual i Ruiz & Dragojević - Guide to Citizen Participation in Local Cultural Policy Development for European Cities

Jordi Pascual i Ruiz & Sanjin Dragojević(2007) Guide to Citizen Participation in Local Cultural Policy Development for European Cities. European Cultural Foundation

» NEW! » Community arts: planning and processes

Community arts: planning and processes. 2018

» NEW! » The power of art in mobilizing social movements

The power of art in mobilizing social movements. 2023

» NEW! » Rosa Santibanez - The Power of Art in Social Movements

Rosa Santibanez – The Power of Art in Social Movements. 2019

» NEW! » Aleksander Bikbov - New Social Movements Protests in Russia and New Media

Aleksander Bikbov – New Social Movements Protests in Russia and New Media. 2012

» NEW! » Tsaliki - The Construction of European Identity and Citizenship Through Cultural Policy

Tsaliki, L. (2007). "The Construction of European Identity and Citizenship Through Cultural Policy". In Media and Cultural Policy in the European Union. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401204156_010

» NEW! » Bonet & Négrier - The participative turn in cultural policy

Lluis Bonet, Emmanuel Négrier, The participative turn in cultural policy: Paradigms, models, contexts, Poetics, Volume 66, 2018, Pages 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2018.02.006.

» NEW! » Amenta & Polletta - The Cultural Impacts of Social Movements

Edwin Amenta and Francesca Polletta. The Cultural Impacts of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 2019 45:1, 279-299. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022342

» NEW! » John Roberts - The Problems and Horizons of Socially Engaged Art Today

John Roberts - The Problems and Horizons of Socially Engaged Art Today. 2021

» NEW! » Jane Gilmor - Within and Without: A Socially Engaged Art Practice Investigates

Jane Gilmor - Within and Without: A Socially Engaged Art Practice Investigates. 2021

» NEW! » Marc James Léger - Socially Engaged Art as Professional-Managerial Class

Marc James Léger – Socially Engaged Art as Professional-Managerial Class. 2022

» NEW! » Nato Thompson - Socially Engaged Art Outside the Bounds of an Artistic Discipline

Nato Thompson - Socially Engaged Art Outside the Bounds of an Artistic Discipline. 2017

» NEW! » Socially engaged art - discussion part of the series Culture Tensions

Socially engaged art - discussion part of the series Culture Tensions. 2023

» NEW! » Living as Form: Socially Engaged Art from the Last 20 Years

Living as Form: Socially Engaged Art from the Last 20 Years. 2017

» NEW! » Tania Bruguera and Tate Neighbours – The Art of Social Change

Tania Bruguera and Tate Neighbours – The Art of Social Change. 2018

» NEW! » Badham - Legitimation: The Case for “Socially Engaged Arts”

Badham, M. (2010). Legitimation: The Case for “Socially Engaged Arts” - Navigating Art History, Cultural Development and Arts Funding Narratives. Local-Global: Identity, Security, Community, 7, 84–99.

» NEW! » Neiva Ganga - Evaluating cultural legacy

Neiva Ganga, R. (2022). Evaluating cultural legacy: From policy to engaged research. In A Research Agenda for Event Impacts. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

» NEW! » McGuigan - Culture and the Public Sphere

McGuigan, J. (1996). Culture and the Public Sphere. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203203330

» NEW! » Choo & Currid-Halkett – Socially Engaged Art(ists) and the 'Just Turn' in City Space

Choo, Soyoon; Currid-Halkett, Elizabeth. Socially Engaged Art(ists) and the 'Just Turn' in City Space: The Evolution of Gwanghwamun Plaza in Seoul, South Korea. Built Environment, Volume 46, Number 2, Summer 2020, pp. 119-137(19).

» NEW! » Güngör - Collaboration and Visibility

Güngör, Ayşe. Collaboration and Visibility: Changing Relations Between Socially Engaged Art, Anthropology and Urban Sphere in Turkey. Estudo Prévio 15, 2019.

» NEW! » de Freitas Santos et al. - Cultural mega-events and the enhancement of a city's image

 José de Freitas Santos, Laurentina Vareiro, Paula Remoaldo & José Cadima Ribeiro (2017) Cultural mega-events and the enhancement of a city's image: differences between engaged participants and attendees, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 9:2, 129-151, DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2016.1157598 

» NEW! » Rushton - The Moral Foundations of Public Funding for the Arts

Rushton, M. (2023). The Moral Foundations of Public Funding for the Arts. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. ISBN978-3-031-35105-1

» NEW! » Durrer et al. (eds.) - Cultural Policy is Local

  Victoria Durrer, Abigail Gilmore, Leila Jancovich & David Stevenson (eds.) (2023). Cultural Policy is Local: Understanding Cultural Policy as Situated Practice. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. ISBN 978-3-031-32311-9

» NEW! » Woddis - Acting on Cultural Policy

Jane Woddis. (2023). Acting on Cultural Policy: Arts Practitioners, Policy-Making and Civil Society. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. ISBN 978-3-031-11161-7