European inventory of
societal values of culture

MULTICULTURALISM

The public policy of ‘multiculturalism’ was inaugurated by Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau in 1971. It was described as an approach that promotes interest in and knowledge about different cultures and their equality and mutual respect. This was in contrast with previously widespread policies of cultural assimilation, based on the expectation that ethnic minorities should adapt to the dominant culture. The approach was also different from the US concept of ‘the melting pot’, which presupposed mixing components from many different backgrounds to produce a common culture. In the Canadian context, it was also a step forward from previous policies that advocated biculturalism and bilingualism, with the idea that this would build trust and enhance communication between the country’s anglophone and francophone citizens.

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Charles Taylor - Politics of recognition

Taylor, Charles (1992). Politics of recognition. In Multiculturalism and the politics of difference (pp. 25– 73), ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2nd edition ISBN: 9780691037790

Will Kymlicka - Multicultural Citizenship

Kymlicka, Will (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN: 0198279493

Joppke & Lukes - Multicultural Questions

Joppke, C. and Lukes, S. (eds.) (1999). Multicultural Questions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brian Barry - Culture and Equality

Barry, B. (2001). Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN: 978-0-7456-2228-6

Ali Rattansi - Multiculturalism: A Very Short Introduction

Rattansi, A. (2011). Multiculturalism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199546039

Bhiku Parekh - Rethinking Multiculturalism

Parekh, B. (2005). Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Macmillan, Red Globe Press (2nd ed.) ISBN: 978-1-4039-4453-5

Anne Phillips - Multiculturalism without Culture

Phillips, A. (2007). Multiculturalism without Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691129440

Michael Murphy - Multiculturalism

Murphy, M. (2012). Multiculturalism: A Critical Introduction. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-26043-5

Guilherme & Dietz - Difference in diversity

Guilherme, M. & Dietz, F. (2015) Difference in diversity: multiple perspectives on multicultural, intercultural, and transcultural conceptual complexities. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 10 (1): 1-21.

Ferdman - Paradoxes of inclusion

Ferdman, B. M. (2017). Paradoxes of inclusion: Understanding and managing the tensions of diversity and multiculturalism. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 53(2): 235-263.

Fligstein - Euroclash

Fligstein, N. (2008). Euroclash: The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199580859; eISBN 9780191702297

Thobani - Neoliberal Multiculturalism and Western Exceptionalism

Thobani, S. (2018). Neoliberal Multiculturalism and Western Exceptionalism: The Cultural Politics of the West. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 11: 161-174.

Saukkonen - Multiculturalism and Cultural Policy in Northern Europe

Saukkonen, P. (2014). Multiculturalism and Cultural Policy in Northern Europe. Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift, 16(2): 178-200.

Vertovec - The Cultural Politics of Nation and Migration

Vertovec, S. (2011). The Cultural Politics of Nation and Migration. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40 (1): 241-256.

Peter Kivisto - Multiculturalism and National Identity

Peter Kivisto - Multiculturalism and National Identity

Will Kymlicka - Nationalism vs. Multiculturalism

Will Kymlicka - Nationalism vs. Multiculturalism

Charles Taylor - Where Is Multiculturalism Working?

Charles Taylor - Where Is Multiculturalism Working?

Culture Below The Surface: The Cultural Iceberg Analogy

Karels, A., Holla, S. & C. Arroyo  (2023, September). Culture Below The Surface: The Cultural Iceberg Analogy – INVENT Culture

Cvetičanin, Petrić & Koludrović - Towards a social turn in cultural policy: A policymaker’s guidebook

Cvetičanin, P.,  M. Petrić & I. Tomić Koludrović (2023). Towards a social turn in cultural policy: A policymaker’s guidebook. INVENT publication.